INTRODUCTION:

Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. It is transmitted from person to person via droplets from the throat and lungs of people with the active respiratory disease².

In healthy people, infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis often causes no symptoms, since the person's immune system acts to “wall off” the bacteria.

The symptoms of active TB of the lung are coughing, sometimes with sputum or blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. Tuberculosis is treatable with a six-month course of antibiotics³.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body¹.

KEY FACTS:

· Tuberculosis (TB) is a top infectious disease killer worldwide.

· In 2014, 9.6 million people fell ill with TB and 1.5 million died from the disease.

· Over 95% of TB deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and it is among the top 5 causes of death for women aged 15 to 44.

· In 2014, an estimated 1 million children became ill with TB and 140 000 children died of TB.

· TB is a leading killer of HIV-positive people: in 2015, 1 in 3HIV deaths was due to TB.

· Globally in 2014, an estimated 480 000 people developed multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).

· The Millennium Development Goal target of halting and reversing the TB epidemic by 2015 has been met globally. TB incidence has fallen by an average of 1.5% per year since 2000 and is now 18% lower than the level of 2000.

· The TB death rate dropped 47% between 1990 and 2015.

· An estimated 43 million lives were saved through TB diagnosis and treatment between 2000 and 2014.

· Ending the TB epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets of the newly adopted Sustainable Development Goals⁴.

NEED FOR STUDY AND OBJECTIVES:

Tuberculosis is one of India's major public health problems. According to WHO estimates, India has the world's largest tuberculosis epidemic. Many research studies have shown the effects and concerns revolving around TDR-TB, especially in India; where social and economic positions are still in progression. In Zarir Udwadia’s report originated from the Hinduja Hospital in Mumbai, India explicitly discusses the drug-resistant effects and results.^[7] An experiment was conducted in January, 2012 on four patients to test how accurate the “new category” of TDR-TB is. These patients were given all the first-line drugs and second-line drugs that usually are prescribed to treat TB, and as a result were resistant to all. As a response, the government of India had stayed in denial, but WHO took it as a more serious matter and decided that although the patterns of drug-resistance were evident, they cannot rely on just that to create a new category of TDR-TB⁴.

India has approximately two to three million people infected Tuberculosis. This public health problem is the world's largest tuberculosis epidemic.^[1] India bears a disproportionately large burden of the world's tuberculosis rates, as it resides to be the biggest health problem in India. It remains one of the largest on India's health and wellness scale. India is the highest TB burden country with World Health Organization (WHO) statistics for 2011 giving an estimated incidence figure of 2.2 million cases of TB for India out of a global incidence of 8.7 million cases.^[2] Compared to Canada, there are about 1,600 new cases of TB every year,^[3] which does not largely sum up, even closely, to the amount India suffers through. Citing studies of TB-drug sales, the government now suggests the total went from being 2.2 million to 2.6 million people nationwide.^[4] Tuberculosis is the biggest health issue that lies around India, but what makes is worse is the newly and recently discovered global phenomenon of TDR-TB - Totally Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. This issue of drug-resistant TB started off with MDR-TB, and moved on to XDR-TB. Gradually, the lowest but most dangerous and strongest of them all has situated itself in India as TDR-TB⁸.

objectives of the study:

To assess the knowledge regarding Pulmonary TB among family members.

research approach:

It is necessary in order to collect the information. A non-experimental descriptive approach was considered appropriate for the study. Questionnaire method was found to be appropriate for collecting the data as this study aims to assess the knowledge of family members regarding pulmonary TB⁶.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

In the present study the investigator selected non-exploratory research design.

POPULATION:

In this study the population taken was family members

SETTING OF THE STUDY:

Village: 6A Chotti, Sri Ganganagar district , Rajasthan.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

SAMPLE:

Family members

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

In this study investigator uses purposive/convenient sampling technique.

SAMPLE SIZE;

Sample size for the study was 50 Family members from 6A Chotti Village .

DATA COLLECTING TECHNIQUE AND INSTRUMENTS:

The most important crucial aspect of any investigation is the collection of appropriate information, which would provide necessary data to answer questions raised in the study. The collection of data in the first step in the statistical treatment of a problem.

After selecting the samples, prior to commencing the study, formal permission was obtained from the head of the institute after discussing the objective of the study.

For the data collection the tool used is unstructured questionnaire. The questionnaire will assess the knowledge of family members regarding TB.

DATA COLLECTING TECHNIQUE AND INSTRUMENTS:

After selecting the samples, prior to commencing the study, formal permission was obtained from the head of the institute after discussing the objective of the study.

For the data collection the tool used is unstructured questionnaire. The questionnaire will assess the knowledge of family members regarding TB

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL:

The development of tool was a step by step procedure. Tools for study were developed by personal and experts opinions. The tool used in the study is questionnaire which will assess the knowledge of family members regarding TB.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL:

The item consisted of section-A and section-B.

SECTION-A:

This section includes item seeking information on the demographic profile and which includes age, sex, income, and educational status.

SECTION-B :

This section includes items assessing the knowledge of family members regarding TB.

SCORING OF QUESTIONAIRE:

Table. No. 01: Table shows the grading of scores.

SCORING CRITERIA	GRADING
(0-10)	Poor
(11-20)	Average
(21-30)	Good

Content validity:

Validity refers to whether measurement instruments accurately measures what it is suppose to measure. Suggestion for modification and improvement for the knowledge questionnaire were welcomed.

Accordingly the areas were identified for simplification and rewritten.

details, explained in detail with graphs/bar diagrams/pie.

(TOOL, PART - I):

Socio-Demographic Data:

Table. No. 02: Table shows the demographic details.

	Frequency	Percentage
Income per Year in Rupees
Age
18-30	15	30%
30-40	20	40%
40-above	15	30%
Total	50	100%
Gender
Male	29	58%
Female	21	42%
Total	50	100%
Income
0-20,000	29	58%
20-40,000	11	22%
40-75,000	8	16%
Above 75000	2	4%
	50	100%
Family
Nuclear Family	31	62%
Joint Family	19	38%
	50	100%
Religion
Hindu	17	34%
Sikh	13	26%
Muslim	8	16%
Other	12	24%
	50	100%

Educational qualification
Illiterates	17	34%
up to 10th	22	44%
10th to 12th	6	12%
Degree	5	10%
	50	100%
Occupation
Agriculture	19	38%
Coolie/ Labour	24	48%
Govt. Job	7	14%
Business	0	0%
	50	100%
Knowledge of Pulmonary T.B.
Yes	14	28%
No	36	72%
	50	100%

TOOL, PART – II:

We have used 3 point scale to divide the scores of family members’ knowledge regarding TB.

Table. No. 03: Table shows the demographic details.

3 point of scale	Score	Frequency	Percentage
Good	21-30	02	04%
Average	11-20	26	52%
Poor	0-10	22	44%
		50	100%

Graph No 01: shows that scores of family members

This study is revealed that the majority of most of the family members having knowledge average knowledge 26 (52%) regarding pulmonary Tuberculosis. Only 4 (8%) having good knowledge regarding TB and 22(44%) belongs to poor category.

1. Around 26 (52%)of family members having average knowledge regarding pulmonary Tuberculosis.

2. Only 2 (4%)of family members having good knowledge regarding Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

3. 22 (44%) family members having poor knowledge regarding Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

4. Finally this study conclusion that family member of the village are required adequate knowledge regarding pulmonary Tuberculosis.

IMPLICATIONS:

The awareness and increasing knowledge among people is the only way to prevent and reduce TB. The Family members need more knowledge regarding TB.

The findings of this study have implication for

Nursing practice,

Nursing education

Nursing administration

LIMITATIONS:

This study is limited to the only the Family members

This study only deals with the assessment of knowledge regarding TB

RECOMMENDATIONS:

It is recommended that developed of interview schedule in this study for Family members to assess the knowledge level needs further improvement in differentiation between knowledge level and standardization on the large scale.

It was recommended that a similar study can be done on large samples on a large scale. So it can be generalized.

It is further recommended that a similar study can be done on samples including college students and the data can be compared.

Further it is recommended that a similar study be compared on sample including other professional and non- professional samples.

It is further recommended that a similar study can be done in rural and urban areas and the data can be compared.

This Study is Revealed that the majority of most of the family members having knowledge average knowledge 26 (52%) regarding pulmonary Tuberculosis. Only 4 (8%) having good knowledge regarding TB and 22(44%) belongs to poor category.

· Around 26 (52%)of family members having average knowledge regarding pulmonary Tuberculosis.

· Only 2 (4%)of family members having good knowledge regarding Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

· 22 (44%) family members having poor knowledge regarding Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

· Finally this study conclusion that family member of the village are required adequate knowledge regarding pulmonary Tuberculosis.

REFERENCES:

1. Anand, G., and McKay, B. (2012). Awakening to Crisis, India Plans New Push Against TB. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142412788732446 1604578193611711 666432.html.

2. Jump up^ "The Stop TB Strategy, case reports, treatment outcomes and estimates of TB burden". Global tuberculosis control: epidemiology, strategy, financing. World Health Organization. 2009. pp. 187–300. ISBN 978-92-4-156380-2. Retrieved 2009-11-14.

3. Jump up^ WHO. Global tuberculosis control. WHO report. WHO/HTM/TB/2006.362. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.

4. World Health Organization (2009). "Epidemiology" (PDF). Global tuberculosis control: epidemiology, strategy, financing. pp. 6–33. ISBN 978-92-4-156380-2. Retrieved12 November 2009.

5. Tyagi AK, Nangpal P, Satchidanandam V. Development of vaccines against tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2011 Sep;91(5):469-78. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2011.01.003. Epub 2011 Feb 18.

6. Tripathi UC¹, Nagaraja SB², Tripathy JP³, et.al Public Health Action. 2015 Mar 21;5(1):59-64. doi: 10.5588/pha.14.0095.

7. The dynamics of tuberculosis epidemiology , Indian J Tuberc. 2014 Jan;61(1):19-29.

8. World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Control: Surveillance, Planning, Financing. Geneva: WHO Report, 2008.

TB India. RNTCP: Annual Status Report-1. 2012. Available at: http://www.tbcindia.nic.in/pdf/TB.

Received on 14.03.2017 Modified on 03.05.2017

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2017; 5(4): 381-384.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2660.2017.00080.1